《人体科学ミステリー！》天才将棋棋士・渡辺明の驚異の記憶力の謎！その記憶メカニズムとは？記憶方法、強さの秘密を解明！
※人体科学ミステリー！アノ有名人のカラダを最新科学で大解剖SP 2013年9月26日放送分より
最新科学技術を使って有名人の身体がどうなっているのか、
何ぞや不思議を解明する。
最強プロ棋士・渡辺明
頭脳の究極格闘技と言われる将棋。
その勝負に己の全てを賭け、
戦い続けるプロ棋士。
そんな彼らが目指す栄誉は、
プロ将棋界の7つのタイトルは、
「竜王・名人・棋聖・王位・王座・棋王・王将」である。
そのうち3つ「竜王・棋王・王将」を持ち、
歴代最強棋士と言われる羽生善治を抑え、
初代永世竜王の座を手に入れた天才棋士・渡辺明。
渡辺明が2012年に獲得した賞金額は7197万円である。
これはプロ棋士の平均年収700万円の凡そ10倍。
年収からみてもその強さは圧倒的。
なぜ渡辺明棋士は強いのか？その秘密は？
囲碁・将棋チャンネルの田中誠さんによると、
渡辺明は将棋に関して並外れた記憶力を持ち、
それが強い秘密であると説明。
渡辺明本人に尋ねると、
他の棋士よりも優れている部分はないと思っているらしい。
渡辺明の記憶力
自分では優れていないと語った、
渡辺明の記憶力を検証。
検証方法は3人同時に将棋を打つという「三面指し」。
渡辺明は3人合計で329手打ったが、
329手の中から番組側が無作為に1手を出題。
すると全ての出題に対して、
ピンポイントで正解させた。
しかし渡辺明の記憶力はこんなものではなく、
5年前の対局の一手まで記憶していた。
通常では考えられない記憶力の秘密は？
そこで脳科学の権威、
諏訪東京理科大学の篠原菊紀教授が、
渡辺明の驚異の記憶力の秘密を解明する。
渡辺明が記憶している間の脳活動を調べる。
その方法は、10秒間画面に表示させる、
20桁の数字を記憶。
15秒間で記憶した数字を書き出すというモノで、
これを5問続けて行う。
渡辺明の頭には近赤外光イメージング装置を装着。
近赤外光イメージング装置とは、
脳の血流量を光によって把握し、
渡辺明が記憶する際、
どの部位が活性化しているのか調べる事が出来る。
比較対象として、トップアマの棋士にも同様の実験を行った。
この検査を行った所、
意外にも渡辺明の記憶の成績は一般的で、
トップアマ棋士とあまり変わらなかったという。
しかし渡辺明の脳の使い方には、
トップアマ棋士とは明らかな違いがあった。
渡辺明の驚きの記憶方法とは！？
トップアマ棋士は、
言語野と呼ばれる、
話す時に使われる脳領域が活動していた。
この言語野を使った記憶というのは、
電話番号などを覚える際、
リズムをとりながら頭のなかで数字を唱える、
一般的な記憶方法である。
対して、渡辺明の記憶方法は、
画像記憶側・頭頂連合野の脳領域が活動していた。
頭頂連合野の記憶というのは、
目で見たものをカメラで撮影したかのように、
画像化して覚えていく記憶法である。
つまり渡辺明は数字を1つの画像として認識していた。
確かに上述した実験では、
思い出す際に渡辺明は「頭の中に将棋盤が出ている。」
と語っていた。
更に、渡辺明は将棋の打つ順番までも記憶していたが、
これは「手順記憶」というものが関係する。
手順記憶とは、
体が勝手に覚えている記憶である。
例えば自転車に乗る時、
実際にはペダルを漕ぎ、
ハンドルを操作するという手順を踏んでいるが、
いちいち考えなくても乗れる。
渡辺明の記憶方法もこれと一緒であるという。
渡辺明は小さい時から、
何万局と将棋を指してきたので、
自然と将棋の打ち方の手順が頭の中に入っている。
だから全ての対局を覚えていなくても、
印象の強い場面だけを画像として記憶し、
あとは将棋の手順に従って記憶を繋げていくだけである。
このような記憶方法だからこそ、
渡辺明は目隠ししてても声だけで将棋が指せてしまう。
また実際に対局中には、
脳の下前頭回という領域が活発に動いていた。
下前頭回は相手の行動の意図を考えたり、
真似したりして、
心理読みをしている際に活動する部分である。
そしてこれはミラーニューロン系の活動と呼ばれる。
ミラーニューロン系の活動とは、
目の前にいる人の動作や意図を、
鏡のように写し取り、
我が事のように感じることである。
例えば目の前の人があくびをすると、
自分は眠くないのにあくびをし、
自分まで眠くなりだしてしまう、
いわば他人と共感する能力である。
つまり渡辺明は相手が指した手を見ると、
自然と相手の気持ちとなって意図を読み取り始める。
盤面からではなく、
相手の心情から先の展開を予測しようとしている。
天才棋士・渡辺明の強さまとめ
天才棋士・渡辺明の強さは、
相手の意図を察知し、
先を見切る独自の読みにあった。
《もうちょっと調べてみた&所感》
天才・天才ともてはやされてはいますが、
今回の話ですと、
手順記憶というモノを発揮するには、
相応の努力が必要である事が分かります。
しかも自転車を乗るのとは比にならない努力でしょう。
渡辺明さんは努力の天才である事も分かる話ですね。
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